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How to Choose the Best Sunscreen: SPF, Ingredients & Skin Type Explained

Introduction

We’ve all heard it before—wear sunscreen every day! But have you ever wondered why it’s so important, or how to pick the right one? Beyond preventing sunburns, sunscreen is one of the most powerful tools we have for protecting our skin from premature aging, sun damage, and skin cancer. 

With so many choices out there, it can feel overwhelming to know which one is best for you. Should you go with SPF 30 or 50? Mineral or chemical? What if you have sensitive or acne-prone skin?

We’re here to simplify it. In this post, we’ll break down what SPF really means, the ingredients you should look for (and avoid), and how to find the right sunscreen based on your skin type and lifestyle. Let’s dive in!

While this article spells out some important information about sunscreen, we highly recommend you read the full article, here are the key points we will focus on:

Table of Contents

Sunscreen

What is SPF and How Does It Work?

SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It measures how well a sunscreen protects your skin from UVB rays—the ones responsible for sunburn and contributing to skin cancer. The higher the SPF, the longer it takes for UVB rays to cause redness compared to unprotected skin.

According to the FDA, SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks 98%, showing that no sunscreen provides 100% protection. However, SPF alone doesn’t indicate protection against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper and contribute to premature aging. That’s why choosing a Broad-spectrum sunscreen is essential for complete sun defense.

Does Higher SPF Provide Better Protection?

A higher SPF provides stronger UVB blockage but does not extend how long you’re protected. Many assume SPF 50 lasts longer than SPF 30, but all sunscreens need reapplication every two hours for continuous protection.

  • Higher SPF Blocks More UVB Rays: SPF 30 allows 3% of UVB rays through, while SPF 50 allows 2%, meaning SPF 50 offers stronger protection but not significantly longer coverage.
  • SPF Does Not Measure UVA Protection: UVB causes burns, but UVA penetrates deeper, leading to premature aging. Always choose broad-spectrum sunscreen for full coverage.
  • Protection Time Does Not Increase: SPF does not determine how long you can stay in the sun without damage. Reapplication every two hours is necessary, regardless of SPF level.
  • Over-Reliance on High SPF Can Increase Risk: Higher SPF may create a false sense of security, leading people to stay in the sun longer, skip reapplying, or neglect shade and protective clothing.

 

SPF 30 or higher is recommended for most people, but those at higher risk of skin cancer or exposed to intense sunlight may benefit from SPF 50 or above. Reapplication, not just SPF, is key to sun safety.

What Are The Key Ingredients To Look For When Using Sunscreen?

A great sunscreen does more than just block rays—it supports your skin while doing it. Here are a few ingredients to keep an eye out for:

  • Zinc Oxide & Titanium Dioxide (Mineral Filters): Gentle on sensitive skin and offer broad-spectrum protection.
  • Antioxidants (like Vitamins C & E, and Niacinamide): Help repair and protect the skin from environmental damage.
  • Hydrators (like Hyaluronic Acid and Ceramides): Keep your skin moisturized and comfortable throughout the day.

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Chemical vs. Mineral Sunscreen: What’s the Difference?

Chemical vs. Mineral Sunscreen: What’s the Difference?

There are two main types of sunscreen: chemical and mineral sunscreens. Both protect your skin from harmful UV rays, but they work in different ways and have some key main ingredient differences.

  • Chemical Sunscreens absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. They typically contain ingredients like oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate. Chemical sunscreens are lightweight and easy to apply but irritate sensitive skin care types.
  • Mineral Sunscreens sit on the skin’s surface and reflect UV rays. They usually contain minerals like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide that provide broad-spectrum protection. These are ideal for sensitive skin and are less likely to cause irritation or clog pores.

Both types are effective, but mineral sunscreen may be the better choice if you have sensitive skin or prefer reef-safe options.

How and When Should You Apply Sunscreen for Maximum Protection?

Applying sunscreen correctly is just as important as choosing the right one. Even the best sunscreen won’t be effective if used improperly.

  • Apply Generously: Use at least one ounce (two tablespoons) to cover all exposed skin, including often-missed areas like ears, neck, and hands.
  • Use It Every Day: Even on cloudy days, up to 80% of UV rays penetrate through clouds, making daily sunscreen application essential.
  • Apply 30 Minutes Before Sun Exposure: This allows chemical sunscreens to absorb fully and mineral sunscreens to form a protective barrier.
  • Reapply: Due to sweat, water, and natural skin oils, sunscreen wears off. Reapply immediately after swimming or sweating.

 

Combine sunscreen with protective clothing, sunglasses, and shade for maximum sun protection, especially during peak sun hours.

How Can Bryn Mawr Dermatology Help You Find the Best Sunscreen for Your Skin?

Choosing the right sunscreen isn’t just about SPF—it’s about finding a formula that suits your skin type and lifestyle. At Bryn Mawr Dermatology, our expert dermatologists provide personalized recommendations to ensure you get effective, skin-friendly sun protection. Whether you have sensitive skin, acne, or aging concerns, we guide you toward medical-grade, dermatologist-approved sunscreens with safe ingredients.

Beyond sunscreen, we offer comprehensive skin care, including preventative skin cancer screenings and tailored skincare plans to protect your skin year-round.

Protecting your skin from sun damage is one of the best investments in long-term skin health. Call (267)-486-3482 or schedule a consultation today!

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Bryn Mawr Dermatology

Content Review Committee at Bryn Mawr Dermatology

Led by Board Certified Dermatologist, Christine Stanko, MD, FAAD, Bryn Mawr Dermatology incorporates a patient-focused outlook in every decision since we first opened our doors on the Main Line in 2005.
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By: Bryn Mawr Dermatology, Published: March 4 2024
Medically Reviewed By: Christine Stanko, MD, FAAD –March 3, 2025

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